Ethylene production by steam cracking is the second largest CO2 emitter from the chemical industry and is responsible for >200 million tons of CO2/year, equivalent of 75 million ICE vehicles on road.
The first plant using steam cracking was first developed and commissioned in 1921 by Union Carbide and is the most widely used industrial process for producing ethylene today, 100 years later!.
The process employs gigantic furnaces, accounting for 30-40% of the capital costs of the plant and coking issues are well known to be an operational challenge. One has to see it in person to appreciate the magnitude of scale and footprint of one furnace. A typical world scale ethylene plant employs 5 – 8 furnaces.